Low complexity in-loop perceptual video coding

The tradition of broadcast video is today complemented with user generated content, as portable devices support video coding. Similarly, computing is becoming ubiquitous, where Internet of Things (IoT) incorporate heterogeneous networks to communicate with personal and/or infrastructure devices. Irrespective, the emphasises is on bandwidth and processor efficiencies, meaning increasing the signalling options in video encoding. Consequently, assessment for pixel differences applies uniform cost to be processor efficient, in contrast the Human Visual System (HVS) has non-uniform sensitivity based upon lighting, edges and textures. Existing perceptual assessments, are natively incompatible and processor demanding, making perceptual video coding (PVC) unsuitable for these environments. This research allows existing perceptual assessment at the native level using low complexity techniques, before producing new pixel-base image quality assessments (IQAs). To manage these IQAs a framework was developed and implemented in the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) encoder. This resulted in bit-redistribution, where greater bits and smaller partitioning were allocated to perceptually significant regions. Using a HEVC optimised processor the timing increase was < +4% and < +6% for video streaming and recording applications respectively, 1/3 of an existing low complexity PVC solution. Future work should be directed towards perceptual quantisation which offers the potential for perceptual coding gain

An improved magnetic field simulator - MAGFLD.

An improved two-dimensional simulator MAGFLD has been developed which is useful for the design and simulation of periodic permanent magnet (PPM) focusing system for linear beam tubes. At present, input is possible only through the input file, which is very simple and user friendly. A complete PPM circuit is generated using the coordinates of first pole piece, first magnet, gun adapter (if the structure is a-periodic) and the region of computation. Small mesh units of either square or rectangular shapes can be used with mesh refinement capability in one or more regions in any or both directions for better accuracy of the solution. Materials with different magnetic permeability can be modeled by defining a characteristic value for each mesh point of the geometry. The effective potential value at each point in the region of interest is calculated based on the vector potential model by using the 5-point finite difference method and the solution is achieved by over relaxation technique for faster convergence. This package has an interface with EGUN to model the electron gun and collector under the influence of magnetic field. Versatile color graphics are capable of plotting both axial magnetic field and flux lines along with the magnetic circuit. MAGFLD has been validated against some published data and experimental results

Byssoloma subdiscordans (Nyl.) P. James: Distributional range and its habitat preference in Indian subcontinent

The present paper deals with the new distributional record of Byssoloma subdiscordans for Western Himalayan lichen flora and a new habitat record for Indian subcontinent. A note on its brief taxonomic description, distribution, ecology and occurrence in India is also provided. Previously the species was reported as corticolous and foliicolous from tropical and montane regions of India, viz. Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats, but this is for the first time that authors have reported it as saxicolous in temperate regions of Western Himalaya, thus extending its habitat preference along with distributional range within Indian subcontinent

Semi-analytical approach for the Vaidya metric in double-null coordinates

We reexamine here a problem considered in detail before by Waugh and Lake: the solutions of spherically symmetric Einstein's equations with a radial flow of unpolarized radiation (the Vaidya metric) in double-null coordinates. This problem is known to be not analytically solvable, the only known explicit solutions correspond to the constant mass case (Schwarzschild solution in Kruskal-Szekeres form) and the linear and exponential mass functions originally discovered by Waugh and Lake. We present here a semi-analytical approach that can be used to discuss some qualitative and quantitative aspects of the Vaidya metric in double-null coordinates for generic mass functions. We present also a new analytical solution corresponding to $(1/v)$-mass function.Comment: 5 pages, 6 figure

Microcontroller Based Application in Electronics & Communication

This paper is showing the various applications of electronics and communication which are working paralleled to each other that makes our life easy and wonder fool. In our life style from morning to evening there are various devices which we are using, and there may be much more possibilities to innovate devices. Such as smart gadgets which are capable to measure rate of change of humidity, temperature, sun light as according to weather and then system should control fan and light. There are also need of electricity consumption analysis, which keep intelligent eyes on every instrument. Here we want to develop a smart system that can analyze vehicle maintenance cycle, losses of electricity, uses of water in home or offices. In this paper we will discuss about innovative research in electronics and communications and their future scope